From Citizens to Subjects: City, State, and the Enlightenment in Poland, Ukraine, and BelarusFrom Citizens to Subjects challenges the common assertion in historiography that Enlightenment era centralization and rationalization brought progress and prosperity to all European states, arguing instead that centralization failed to improve the socioeconomic position of urban residents in the former Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth over a hundred year period. Murphy examines the government of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and the several